Solid lubricants are used in a variety of industrial applications. They are commonly applied as an adjuvant to enhance performance in fluid lubricants. The advantages of solid lubricants are their ability to reduce friction and prevent wear, as well as their high load-carrying capacity. In addition, they are often used as surface coatings.

There are three main categories of solid lubricants. They include two-dimensional (or 2D) materials, organic, and non-organic. Although these materials can be applied in pure form, they are typically mixed with oil.

The two-dimensional solid lubricants are usually graphite and molybdenum disulfide. The oxidation stability of these materials helps to protect them against corrosion. MoS2 also provides good wear resistance.

Other solid lubricants are composites, such as those that contain embedded nanoparticles. These types of materials are often referred to as self-lubricating composites. However, the true potential of these materials has not yet been fully explored.

These materials can be used to improve the flowability of granules or powders. They are also used as anti-caking agents in dry powder food and cosmetic formulations.

While PTFE, moly, and BN are common solid lubricants, other types of materials are available as well. These include composites, such as water-oil composites. These materials are particularly useful in applications that require durability.

Despite their advantages, there are some drawbacks to solid lubricants. Their physical degradability is a concern, and they can generate debris and noise. Moreover, they are difficult to apply. Furthermore, the regeneration of the lubricating film is also a challenge.